Immigrant children face various challenges in learning English, which can significantly impact their academic performance and social integration in schools.

Firstly, language barriers pose a significant obstacle for immigrant children. They often have limited or no prior knowledge of the English language, making it difficult for them to understand and communicate effectively with teachers and peers. This can lead to feelings of frustration, isolation, and a lack of confidence in the classroom. For example, a study conducted by Oppedal and Toppelberg (2019) found that language difficulties were associated with lower academic achievement among immigrant students.

Secondly, cultural differences can also impede the learning process. Immigrant children may come from diverse cultural backgrounds with distinct educational systems and practices. Adjusting to a new educational environment, teaching styles, and classroom expectations can be overwhelming. They may struggle to adapt to the new cultural norms, which can hinder their academic progress and social interactions with classmates. For instance, a study by Suárez-Orozco et al. (2010) highlighted that cultural discontinuities can contribute to difficulties in academic engagement and social integration for immigrant students.

Furthermore, immigrant children often face social challenges, such as prejudice, discrimination, and bullying. Language barriers and cultural differences can make them targets for exclusion or ridicule by their peers. This can lead to feelings of alienation, low self-esteem, and reluctance to participate in classroom activities. For example, a study by Han et al. (2012) found that immigrant children who experienced discrimination had lower levels of academic motivation and engagement.

These challenges in learning English and their subsequent effects on academic performance and social integration can be mitigated through various strategies. Schools can provide targeted language support programs, such as English as a Second Language (ESL) classes, to help immigrant children develop their language skills. Additionally, promoting cultural diversity and inclusivity within the school environment can foster a sense of belonging and acceptance for immigrant students. Teachers can also adopt culturally responsive teaching practices to accommodate the diverse needs of their students.

In conclusion, immigrant children face numerous challenges in learning English, which impact their academic performance and social integration in schools. By recognizing and addressing these challenges through appropriate support and inclusive practices, schools can create a conducive learning environment that enables immigrant children to thrive academically and socially.