In a business, stakeholders refer to individuals or groups who have an interest or influence in the organization's activities and outcomes. They can be categorized into two main groups: internal stakeholders and external stakeholders.

Internal stakeholders are individuals or groups who are directly involved in the daily operations and management of the business. They include:

• Owners/Shareholders: These are individuals or entities that own shares or have equity in the company. They have a financial stake in the business and are interested in maximizing their returns. For example, shareholders of a publicly traded company like Apple or Microsoft.
• Employees: The workforce of a business is a vital internal stakeholder group. Employees contribute their skills, time, and effort to the organization's success. They have an interest in job security, fair compensation, and a positive work environment. For instance, employees of Google or Amazon.
• Management: The executives and managers who oversee the operations and make strategic decisions are also internal stakeholders. They have a responsibility to maximize the value of the business for the owners and shareholders. CEOs, CFOs, and department heads are examples of management stakeholders.
• Board of Directors: The board of directors represents the interests of the shareholders and provides guidance to the management team. They ensure that the business is being run in the best interest of the shareholders.

External stakeholders, on the other hand, are individuals or groups who are indirectly affected by the business but still have a significant interest in its operations. They include:

• Customers: Customers are essential stakeholders as they purchase the products or services offered by the business. They have expectations of quality, value, and customer satisfaction. Examples include individuals who buy smartphones from Apple or shop on Amazon.
• Suppliers: Suppliers provide the necessary inputs, such as raw materials or components, for the business's operations. They have an interest in maintaining a long-term relationship and receiving timely payments. For instance, suppliers of Nike or Coca-Cola.
• Government: Governments at various levels (local, state, and national) are stakeholders in businesses. They create regulations and policies that affect the operations, taxation, and compliance requirements. Governments may also be shareholders in some cases.
• Communities: The local communities where businesses operate are stakeholders. They are interested in the business's impact on the environment, employment opportunities, and social responsibility. For example, residents near a manufacturing plant or a retail store.
• Competitors: Competitors can also be considered stakeholders as they have an interest in the industry dynamics, market share, and competitive advantage of other businesses in the same market.

It's important for businesses to identify and engage with their stakeholders to understand their needs, expectations, and concerns. By doing so, businesses can make informed decisions and build positive relationships with their stakeholders, leading to long-term success.

References:

1. Investopedia: Stakeholder Definition
2. Business News Daily: Understanding Stakeholders in Business
3. Corporate Finance Institute: Stakeholder Analysis